Assessment of Land Availability for Housing in Bhubaneswar Development Planning Area

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Abstract

Bhubaneswar has a tropical savanna climate classified under the Koppen climate classification. The original plan for Bhubaneswar was drafted by the German architect Otto Königsberger. Königsberger’s vision for Bhubaneswar was to create a city that blended modernity with traditional Indian elements, incorporating wide roads, gardens, and residential and commercial zones, while keeping in mind the city’s ancient heritage. Bhubaneswar was originally designed for 40,000 people, but now it stands at 1,200,000. Since the last decade, the maximum annual temperature of Bhubaneswar Smart City has been increasing at an alarming rate. Rising infrastructure, increased vehicular activity, immigration, etc. have changed the urban climate parameters within the city. Improper town planning also leads to a lack of ventilation in indoor spaces. Bioclimatic design helps maintain ambient temperature in indoor spaces, especially in residential complexes where prevalent ventilation solutions are inadequate. Materials used nowadays in Bhubaneswar are mainly concrete and fly ash bricks. These materials make the building unbreathable, which becomes a major problem for the occupants. Research findings could uncover cost-effective methods to enhance thermal comfort in homes, potentially cutting energy costs for residents and easing the economic strain of building and maintaining structures in Bhubaneswar’s hot, humid climate. This research offers practical solutions for stakeholders to tackle climate challenges effectively.

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Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s). Published by Journal of Architecture and Theory.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Key words

Affordability, EWS, Land Shortage, Vacant land, Housing

References

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